Sustainable Concreteand the Latest Generation
Keywords:
Sustainable Concrete, Portland Cement, Mineral Additions, Nano-additives, Mix DesignSynopsis
This book is born from the search for a captivating topic for the reader, aiming to have an impact on the education of students in the field of construction. Concrete is one of the most versatile and durable construction materials in the world. It is used in a wide range of applications, from buildings and bridges to roads and industrial structures, which is why this organized collection of information is focused on this subject.
The material encompassed by this book was planned with the purpose of addressing important topics that enable students to understand and conceptualize concrete from its initial stages. Specific examples of topics that will capture interest from students include the use of raw materials, the origin of the materials that form cement, progressing to the manufacturing of concrete, the necessary quality controls, and the current uses and variations of concrete in the construction industry.
How do we define concrete? From a geological perspective, it is simply known as an artificial stone, whereas in architecture, its importance lies in its greatest virtue: its ability to adopt any shape. This is achieved with the help of a mold capable of shaping the concrete in the desired manner. The most characteristic advantage of concrete is that its primary component is cement, made from common raw materials such as clay and limestone.
One of the principal limitations of concrete is its low tensile strength. When concrete is subjected to tension, it stretches, leading to its first evolution, which is the combination of concrete with steel. This gives rise to reinforced concrete. A current area of study in concrete involves identifying strategic ways to assemble and reinforce it in key areas to achieve high strength and durability.
Taking this into account, the difference between concrete and cement is clear: cement is a component of concrete that, when combined with water and aggregates, serves as the binding material; therefore, cement cannot be used on its own in structural elements, whereas concrete, by integrating these components, attains the strength and durability required for construction applications.
Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials due to its high strength, durability, versatility, and relatively low economic cost, making it essential for infrastructure and housing development; however, its extensive use entails a significant environmental cost, as cement production generates considerable CO₂ emissions, requires high energy consumption, and involves intensive extraction of natural resources, contributing to climate change, resource depletion, and ecosystem degradation, which underscores the need to move toward more sustainable construction practices.
Concrete is a major contributor to global carbon emissions, accounting for about 8–10% of total emissions. Its production process involves cement, a key ingredient that emits significant CO2 when limestone is heated to produce clinker. (Barbhuiya et al., 2025)
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to concrete. It covers the following topics:
- Concrete and its evolution over time
- Manufacturing process and chemical composition of Portland cement
- Characteristics of water, aggregates, and additives for concrete
- Mineral additions
- Concrete dosing methods
- Fresh state concrete
- Hardened state concrete
- Durability and pathology of concrete
- Special and next-generation concretes
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Martínez García, V. M., Díaz Romero, Y., Bernal Camacho, J. M., Tostado Ramírez, M. I., Vázquez Meza, J. A., Reyes Machain, J. de J., & Alfaro Rodríguez, A. P. (2026). Sustainable Concreteand the Latest Generation: Vol. Volume 1. Sinergy Editorial. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18883506
