The role of the judiciary in addressing social inequalities within the 2030 agenda goals framework

This chapter seeks to carry out an analysis regarding the importance of the Judiciary in fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda, especially in relation to 3 particular objectives related to gender equality, the reduction of inequalities and institutional strengthening, as well as highlighting the role of the jurisdictional function in safeguarding human rights and eradicating any type of discrimination. Firstly, from a theoretical approach, we start from the ideas of Locke and Montesquieu on the division of powers, pointing out the historical evolution of the judicial power. Methodologically, the analysis combines international normative sources (such as the 2030 Agenda and human rights treaties), national sources (such as Mexican and Spanish laws on disability) and legal doctrine, to establish an intersectional and critical vision of justice. Once the above has been done, among the main findings, it is identified that strong judicial institutions are essential to guarantee the inclusion of all people in different areas, combat corruption and impunity and issue resolutions that generate social precedents against discriminatory practices. The importance of judges adopting approaches with a gender perspective and intersectionality to protect the rights of historically marginalized groups is also highlighted. In conclusion, strengthening the Judiciary is not only key to the protection of human rights, but also represents a strategic tool to achieve sustainable development and reduce structural inequality gaps.